Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in canola, sunflower and corn oils and estimated daily intake

Abstract

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are compounds formed during incomplete combustion of organic matter; some are considered to be potentially carcinogenic. The drying step of the seeds or grains is considered the main source of contamination of vegetable oils. Presence of 13 PAHs was evaluated in canola, sunflower and corn oils from the Brazilian market by HPLC-FLD. PAHs were present in 69 of the 70 samples. Levels of summed 13 PAHs varied from not detected to 31.70 mg/kg for canola oil, 0.65 to 17.88 mg/kg for sunflower and 2.61 to 38.23 for corn. There were statistical differences between different types of oil, brands batches. Levels of benzo[a]pyrene and PAH4 were not in accordance with maximum limit established by European regulation in 36 and 33 samples, respectively. Estimated daily intakes were from 7 ng/kg bw/day for to 15.1 ng/kg bw/day. Any action to reduce and/or control their presence in this type of products should be encouraged.