Enterobacteriaceae in processed cocoa products

Abstract

Little is known of the presence of Salmonella in Brazilian cocoa, which justifies the present work that had the aim of checking the presence of total Enterobacteriaceae, coliforms, Escherichia coli and Salmonella in semi-processed cocoa products. A total of 150 samples of cocoa products from two different cocoa-processing manufacturers were analyzed (30 samples of nibs, 30 of liquor, 30 of cocoa cake, 30 of cocoa butter and 30 of cocoa powder). The samples of processed cocoa products had pH values between 5.31 and 7.35, and water activity ranging from 0.29 to 0.52. E. coli and Salmonella were not detected in any of the samples analyzed. Regarding the other analyzed microorganisms, 17% of the nibs contained total Enterobacteriaceae, 20 % showed total coliforms, while thermotolerant coliforms were detected in one sample (0.6 log MPN/g). Seven percent of liquor and cocoa powder samples showed total coliforms. In cocoa cake, the same percentage in regard to total Enterobacteriaceae was observed. Total Enterobacteriaceae and total coliforms were detected in one sample of cocoa butter. Despite the low contamination observed, these results indicate failure in quality programs of the manufactures studied, since these bacteria are easily inactivated by thermal and sanitizer process.